Adenosine deaminase (EC:3.5.4.4 adenosine deaminase ADA) is an aminohydrolase and an important enzyme in purine nucleoside metabolism. It belongs to sulfhydrylase and contains at least two active sulfhydryl groups per molecule. Mercuric acid is completely inhibited. ADA specifically catalyzes the generation of hypoxanthine from adenine nucleoside through deamination, which then generates uric acid through a series of chemical reactions and is excreted from the body. It is a nucleic acid metabolizing enzyme that has an important relationship with the body's cellular immune activity. It is widely distributed in human tissues and cells, with the highest content in thymus, spleen and other lymphoid tissues, and the content in liver, lung, kidney and skeletal muscle. Lower. ADA in blood mainly exists in red blood cells, granulocytes and lymphocytes, and its activity is about 40 to 70 times that of serum. T lymphocytes have higher enzyme activity than B lymphocytes.
ADA (adenosine deaminase) is closely related to a variety of clinical diseases. The increase and decrease of its activity reflect the occurrence, development and prognosis of the disease to a certain extent, and the diagnosis, identification and condition monitoring of the above related diseases , The clinical treatment situation has important reference value.
- Tuberculosis diagnosis
Differentiating tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural, ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid is a common problem in clinical etiological diagnosis. Although tuberculosis bacterium can produce antibodies in the human body, it has no protective effect. Its anti-infection immunity mainly depends on cellular immunity. The cellular immune function is that tuberculosis bacteria activate T lymphocytes to make them proliferate, and subsequently cause the activation of macrophages. The lysosomal enzymes in the activated macrophages increase in a large amount, which enhances the killing effect of the intracellular tuberculosis bacteria.- Tumor diagnosis
Using the detection of T lymphocyte ADA activity, it can be used as a surface marker to help the diagnosis and classification of lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. Relevant data confirm that the activity of T lymphocytes in acute lymphocytic leukemia is enhanced, while the peripheral blood T lymphocytes ADA of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin’s lymphoma have no significant changes.
- Tumor diagnosis
- Diagnosis of AIDS
In 1987, Delia proposed that in the detection of asymptomatic AIDS high-risk populations, ADA activity determination and detection of AIDS-related retroviral antibodies can be used as a diagnostic marker for AIDS. In acquired immune syndrome, ADA and PNP in non-characterized lymphocytes were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, and ADA activity was significantly higher in the RBC of half of asymptomatic AIDS high-risk individuals. … - Diagnosis of other diseases
